In vitro fertilization (IVF) Program

In vitro fertilization (IVF) Program

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a fertilization technique which the egg and sperm are combined outside the woman’s body.

IVF is one of the methods used to overcome fertility problems and support pregnancy programs when other methods have not been successful. With the IVF program, the chances of success can be increased — women receive assistance through hormonal control of the ovulation process, while men with low sperm count or poor sperm motility can also benefit from the program.

In general, IVF success rates range from 30–40% per cycle. However, some sources mention higher rates, such as 40–50% for women under 35 years old.

PGT-A
Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) is an additional screening that can only be performed in couples undergoing an IVF program. PGT-A helps identify whether embryos have missing or extra chromosomes. If an embryo has either a shortage or excess, it is categorized as aneuploid.

The risk of aneuploidy — which can lead to miscarriage or genetic abnormalities — increases with maternal age or due to genetic factors in either the mother or father.

Why be concerned about aneuploidy?
Embryos with aneuploidy often fail to implant. Even when implantation occurs, they frequently result in miscarriage. In cases where an aneuploid embryo results in a live birth, the baby is at high risk for genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome.

PESA. TESA & MESA
In IVF treatment programs, especially in cases of male infertility where no sperm is found in the ejaculate (azoospermia), either due to obstruction (blocked sperm ducts) or non-obstructive (sperm production issues), several specialized sperm retrieval techniques can be used:

1. PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration)
This technique involves retrieving sperm from the epididymis (a duct above the testicles where sperm matures) using a fine needle through the skin, without major surgery. It is typically performed in cases of obstructive azoospermia, such as when the sperm ducts are blocked.

2. TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration)
This involves extracting sperm directly from the testicular tissue using a fine needle. TESA is often used when PESA fails or when there is no sperm present in the epididymis.

3. MESA (Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration)
This is a microsurgical procedure to retrieve sperm from the epididymis using an operating microscope. It allows for the collection of a larger quantity and higher-quality sperm. MESA is commonly used for obstructive azoospermia, especially when a larger number of sperm is needed for freezing or further IVF cycles.

Timelapse
VIP Incubator (Time-Lapse Embryo Monitoring) is an advanced incubation technology in which embryo development is closely monitored within a stable and optimal individual environment. With this system, embryos remain in ideal conditions without the need to be frequently removed from the incubator for manual observation.

The use of time-lapse technology significantly reduces stress on the embryos caused by environmental changes during traditional monitoring. As a result, embryo quality can improve, leading to a higher success rate in IVF programs.

Embrio/Sperma/Oosit Bank
This is a medical facility used to store and preserve the quality of human reproductive cells for future use, particularly in IVF (in vitro fertilization) programs or other fertility treatments.

Embryo freezing (fertilized eggs) allows couples to delay pregnancy or have additional children in the future with preserved, high-quality embryos.

Sperm and egg (oocyte) freezing can be beneficial for men undergoing treatments that may affect fertility (such as chemotherapy), and for women who are not yet ready for pregnancy but wish to preserve their fertility for the future.

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